ʻElima mau ʻano sensor i hoʻohana mau ʻia

(1)ʻIke wela

ʻOhi ka mea hana i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mahana mai ke kumu a hoʻololi iā ia i kahi ʻano i hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nā mea hana ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​kānaka. ʻO ka laʻana maikaʻi loa o ka ʻike wela he aniani mercury thermometer, e hoʻonui a paʻa i ka wā e loli ai ka mahana. ʻO ka mahana waho ke kumu o ke ana wela, a nānā ka mea nānā i ke kūlana o ka mercury e ana i ka mahana. ʻElua ʻano kumu o nā mea ʻike wela:

· ʻIkepili pili

Pono kēia ʻano ʻike i ka hoʻopili kino ʻana me ka mea i ʻike ʻia a i ʻole ka mea ʻike. Hiki iā lākou ke nānā i ka mahana o nā mea paʻa, nā wai a me nā kinoea ma kahi ākea ākea.

· ʻAʻole pili pili

ʻAʻole pono kēia ʻano mea ʻike i ka pili kino me ka mea a i ʻole ke ʻano mea i ʻike ʻia. Nānā lākou i nā mea paʻa ʻole a me nā wai, akā ʻaʻole pono i nā kinoea ma muli o ko lākou ʻike maoli. Ana kēia mau mea ʻike i ka mahana me ke kānāwai Planck. Pili ke kānāwai i ka wela i hoʻolele ʻia mai kahi kumu wela e ana i ka mahana.

Nā loina hana a me nā laʻana o nā ʻano like ʻolenā mea ʻike wela:

(i) Thermocouples - Aia i loko o ia mau uea ʻelua (ʻo kēlā me kēia o nā ʻāpana like ʻole a i ʻole metala) e hana ana i kahi hui ana ma kahi hoʻohui ma kekahi ʻaoʻao e hāmama ana i ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka uea i ka mea ana, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi hui kuhikuhi. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana o nā node ʻelua, ke kahe nei ke kahe ma ke kaapuni a ua ana ʻia nā millivolts e hoʻoholo ai i ka mahana o ka node.

(ii) Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS) - He mau pale pale wela kēia i hana ʻia e hoʻololi i ke kūʻē ʻana e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana, a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā mea ʻike wela ʻē aʻe.

(iii)Nā mea wela- ʻo ia kekahi ʻano kūʻē ʻē aʻe kahi i kūlike ai nā loli nui o ke kū'ē ʻana a i ʻole like ʻole i nā loli liʻiliʻi o ka mahana.

(2) ʻIke ʻulaʻula

Hoʻopuka a ʻike paha ka hāmeʻa i ka radiation infrared e ʻike i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o ke kaiapuni. Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pāhawewe wela e nā mea āpau i loko o ka spectrum infrared, a ʻike nā mea ʻike infrared i kēia radiation i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka maka kanaka.

· Pono

Hiki ke hoʻopili, loaʻa ma ka mākeke.

· Nā pōʻino

Hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka walaʻau ambient, e like me ka radiation, kukui ambient, etc.

Pehea e hana ai:

ʻO ka manaʻo kumu, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā diodes kukui infrared e hoʻopuka i ke kukui infrared i nā mea. E hoʻohana ʻia kekahi diode infrared o ke ʻano like e ʻike i nā nalu i ʻike ʻia e nā mea.

Ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka mea hoʻokipa infrared e ke kukui infrared, aia kahi ʻokoʻa uila ma ka uea. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi a paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻana i ka volta, hoʻohana ʻia kahi amplifier hana (op amp) e ʻike pono i nā voltage haʻahaʻa.

(3) ʻIke Ultraviolet

Ana kēia mau mea ʻike i ka ikaika a i ʻole ka mana o ke kukui ultraviolet. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia radiation electromagnetic ma mua o nā kukui X, akā ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ke kukui ʻike ʻia. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei kahi mea ikaika i kapa ʻia he daimana polycrystalline no ka ʻike ʻana i ka ultraviolet hilinaʻi, hiki ke ʻike i ka ʻike ʻana i ke kaiapuni i ka radiation ultraviolet.

Paʻa no ke koho ʻana i nā mea ʻike UV

· Ka lōʻihi o ka nalu hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka mea ʻike UV (nanometer)

· Ka wela hana

· Pono

· Kaumaha

· Mana mana

Pehea e hana ai:

Loaʻa i nā mea ʻike UV hoʻokahi ʻano hōʻailona ikehu a hoʻouna i kahi ʻano hōʻailona ikehu ʻē aʻe.

I mea e nānā a hoʻopaʻa i kēia mau hōʻailona hoʻopuka, kuhikuhi ʻia lākou i kahi mika uila. No ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi a me nā hōʻike, hoʻouna ʻia ka hōʻailona hoʻopuka i kahi analog-to-digital converter (ADC) a laila i kahi kamepiula ma o ka lako polokalamu.

Nā noi:

· E ana i ka ʻāpana o ka spectrum UV e hoʻopau i ka ʻili

· lāʻau lapaʻau

· Nā kaʻa

· Lopako

· Ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe a me ke kala no ka paʻi ʻana a me ka ʻoihana kala

ʻOihana kemika no ka hana ʻana, mālama ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā kemika

(4) Hoʻopā ʻia

Hana ʻia ka mea ʻike paʻi ma ke ʻano he resistor loli ma muli o ke kūlana paʻi. Kiʻikuhi o kahi mea ʻike paʻi e hana ana ma ke ʻano he pale pale.

ʻO ka mea paʻi paʻi i loaʻa nā ʻāpana penei:

· Mea conductive piha, e like me ke keleawe

· Hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea spacer, e like me ka pahu a i ʻole ka plastic

· Mahele o ka mea hoʻokele

Ke kumu a me ka hana:

Ke kū'ē nei kekahi mau mea conductive i ke kahe o ke au. ʻO ke kumu nui o nā mea ʻike kūlana laina ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka mea e pono ai ke kahe o kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ke kahe o kēia manawa. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻololi ke kū'ē o kahi mea ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i kona kūlana o ka pilina me kahi mea conductive piha.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻopili ʻia ka polokalamu me kahi mea ʻike paʻi. I kēia hihia, hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo e ka polokalamu. Ke pio nā mea ʻike, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanaʻo i "kahi o ka pilina hope." Ke ho'āla ʻia ka sensor, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka "kūlana hoʻopili mua" a hoʻomaopopo i nā waiwai āpau e pili ana me ia. Ua like kēia hana me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka ʻiole a hoʻonoho iā ia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka pā iole i mea e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka cursor i ka ʻaoʻao mamao o ka pale.

E noi

ʻO nā meaʻike paʻi he kumu kūʻai a lōʻihi, a hoʻohana nuiʻia

Pāʻoihana - mālama ola kino, kūʻai, hoʻoikaika kino a me ka pāʻani

· Nā mea hana - umu, mea holoi/mea maloʻo, holoi kīʻaha, pahu hau

Kaʻahele - Ka mana maʻalahi ma waena o ka hana cockpit a me nā mea hana kaʻa

· ʻIke wai pae wai

ʻO ka ʻenehana ʻoihana - kūlana a me ka ʻike pae, ka mana lima lima i nā noi automation

Mea hoʻohana uila - hāʻawi i nā pae hou o ka manaʻo a me ka mana i nā ʻano huahana mea kūʻai aku

(5)ʻIke pili kokoke

ʻIke ʻia nā mea ʻike pili kokoke i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā mea i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​wahi pili. No ka mea,ʻaʻohe pilina ma waena o ka meaʻike a me ka mea i anaʻia, a no ka nele o nā'āpana mechanical, ua lōʻihi ke ola o kēia mau meaʻike a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā mea ʻike pili he inductive proximity sensor, capacitive proximity sensor, ultrasonic proximity sensor, photoelectric sensor, Hall effect sensor a pēlā aku.

Pehea e hana ai:

Hoʻopuka ka mea ʻike kokoke i kahi kahua electromagnetic a i ʻole electrostatic a i ʻole kahi kukuna o ka radiation electromagnetic (e like me ka infrared) a kali no ka hōʻailona hoʻihoʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kahua, a ua kapa ʻia ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka mea ʻike kokoke.

ʻO nā mea ʻike hoʻohālikelike inductive - loaʻa iā lākou kahi oscillator ma ke ʻano he hoʻokomo e hoʻololi i ke kūpaʻa poho ma ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i ke ala alakaʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻike ka mea i makemake nui ʻia.

Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka capacitance electrostatic ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka electrode detecting a me ka electrode grounded. Hana ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i nā mea kokoke me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke alapine oscillation. No ka ʻike ʻana i nā pahuhopu kokoke, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke alapine oscillation i kahi voltage DC a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi paepae i koho mua ʻia. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻike ke koho mua no nā pahu plastik.

E noi

· Hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻenekinia automation e wehewehe i ke kūlana hana o nā mea hana ʻenehana kaʻina hana, nā ʻōnaehana hana a me nā lako automation

· Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka puka aniani e hoʻāla ai i kahi makaʻala ke wehe ʻia ka puka makani

· Hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka vibration mechanical e helu i ka ʻokoʻa mamao ma waena o ke kumu a me ke kākoʻo ʻana